Causes Of Crime Research Articles

Efforts to Combat Criminal Acts of Unlicensed Cosmetics Distribution in Makassar City

This empirical legal research aims to investigate the causes of crimes related to the circulation of cosmetics without distribution permits in Makassar City and propose countermeasures. Conducted at the Sub Directorate 1 of Trade Industry of the Special Criminal Investigation Directorate of South Sulawesi Police and the Makassar Food and Drug Monitoring Center (BPOM), the study utilizes primary data gathered through informant interviews and secondary data from various sources like laws, regulations, and research findings. Factors contributing to these crimes include inadequate supervision, high permit costs, slow processing, aggressive marketing, competitive pricing, and the allure of fast cosmetics. Countermeasures involve Pre-Emptive, Preventive, and Repressive strategies. However, obstacles such as insufficient witness participation, difficulty accessing expert assistance, limited investigator resources, budget constraints, and inadequate infrastructure hinder these efforts.

Factors Attributed to Crime Causation among Persons Deprived of Liberty in a Rural Jail in the Philippines

Beyond every crime that happens because of different factors or reasons. Understanding the factors that cause crime is necessary to find ways and means to counter the reasons for the crimes and to recommend possible solutions. Other important of understanding the causes of crime include; pinpointing risk factors can help crime prevention managers where to allocate funds; safety and security for the society are attained hence programs to deter crimes are crafted, and law enforcement agencies can determine how society will help in mitigating the effects of crime This study was conducted to determine the factors why the Persons Deprived of Liberty (PDLs) in Mountain Province District Jail (MPDJ), Philippines committed crimes; and also, to craft a program to address the surfaced factors why PDLs in MPDJ committed crimes. The study employed a qualitative-descriptive research design. Although the MPDJ covers male and female dorms, only sixteen male PDLs serve as the study’s participants because there was no sentenced district female prisoner incarcerated when the study was conducted. An interview was employed to gather the data needed for the study. The participants' responses during the interview were recorded and noted using paper and pen. In light of the findings from the study, PDLs in Mountain Province District Jail committed crimes because of internal and external factors. Specifically, it includes; pleasure, impulsivity, and uncontrolled emotion for internal factors, while external factors that caused them to commit crime include; the influence of liquor, lack of education, peer influence, and poverty. Programs to address the surfaced factors why PDLs in Mountain Province District Jail committed crimes include; skill building, information dissemination, and training programs for livelihood.

Penerapan Restorative Justice Dalam Sistem Peradilan Pidana Anak

The application of restorative justice with certain requirements must be implemented and used to provide opportunities and possibilities for crime victims to obtain restitution, a sense of security, enable perpetrators to understand the causes and consequences of their behavior and take responsibility in a meaningful way and enable society to understand the main causes of crimes, to promote society's sense of justice and prevent crime. A special restorative justice process strategy for children/adolescents that is balanced should be based on the idea that the source of children's crimes and violations is the community, family, school, so that strategies that only focus on individual perpetrators are not appropriate. This restorative justice will feature flexible procedures and a series of actions that can be adapted to the applicable criminal justice system and are fair to the parties.

Controlling Corruption Crimes In Indonesian Public Officials Using Multiple Factor Approaches

The research aims to examine the control of corruption crimes in Indonesian public officials using multiple factor approaches. This research is qualitative research with primary data sources directly from the Corruption Eradication Commission with a period of 2028-2022 . The results of this research explain that corruption committed by public officials is a crime that involves exploiting power and authority to obtain personal economic gain. Corruption behavior becomes interesting to discuss by studying patterns so that we can predict future corruption behavior and find out how to prevent corruption crimes. This paper finds that corruption committed by public officials is a type of individual bureaucratic crime and governmental occupational crime. The individual type of bureaucratic crime is the type that most often occurs in corruption of public officials. There are 6 fields where corruption is carried out, where the field of development project licensing is the field where corruption occurs the most. The mode most often used in corruption of public officials is the abuse of authority followed by bribery behavior. Early theories of criminal behavior have been criticized because they emphasized one factor as the cause of crime. Factors such as inherited physical traits, biological inferiority, weak minds, emotional disorders, or poverty are described as the sole causes of crime. The multifactor approach in criminology grew out of differences in the single factor approach. Its adherents argue that crime must be understood in terms of the multiple contributions made by various factors. The assumption is that crime is the product of many biological, psychological, economic and social factors and that different crimes will be the result of different combinations of factors. Therefore, the 'correct' approach in criminology is an eclectic approach that emphasizes the identification and analysis of a variety of factors

Characteristics of crimes committed with the use of information and telecommunication technologies or in the sphere of computer information in modern conditions

The article studies the features of crimes committed with the use of information and telecommunication technologies or in the sphere of computer information in modern conditions, as well as identifies the leading directions and measures to counteract such crimes. Types of crimes and their statistics are analyzed. Special attention is paid to the personality of criminals, their classification. The main causes of crimes and their connection with the behavior of the victim are studied.

Challenges of Crime in City Slums: A Case Study of Mathare Slum in Nairobi County, Kenya

This study focuses on the challenges of crime within Mathare slum in Nairobi County, Kenya. It has been necessitated by the continued concern on the constant presence of crime within the slum areas of Nairobi. Although there have been studies carried out on various challenges in slums, this study provides a detailed analysis of the security challenges faced by Mathare slum dwellers. The study sought to examine five major thematic areas; major causes of crime in Mathare slum, types and trends of crime within Mathare slum, crime reporting, criminal gangs in Mathare slum and fear of crime within Mathare slum. Questionnaires and key informant interviews were used to obtain data from respondents who included Mathare slum residents, police officers, area chiefs and community policing committees’ chairpersons from the thirteen villages in Mathare slum. The challenges of crime in Mathare slum were found to be a combination of multiple factors working in congruence to influence the commission of crime.

Effectiveness and corruption in the criminal justice system of Latin America: An overview

ABSTRACT Latin America is the most violent region in the world. Recent research on the causes of crime have concluded that institutional effectiveness and corruption appear to be relevant variables explaining variations in crime trends. However, there is scarce research that focuses on understanding how these variables impact the criminal justice system and how they may affect crime. This paper aims to add to the literature by providing a theoretical framework on how effectiveness and corruption affects crime. Further, it reviews the current state of the criminal justice system in Latin America (i.e., the police, the judiciary, and the prison system) and offers a summary of how effective and corrupt these institutions are. Based on a high-level overview of primary research it is found that the criminal justice system is ineffective and suffers from high levels of corruption and, consequently, its capacity of capturing, judging and rehabilitating criminals is limited.

Enhancing Criminology Education with Crime News Analysis

Crime news analysis is an effective teaching tool in teaching Criminology. This study illustrates the use of crime news analysis in Criminology, and examines its effectiveness using a quasi-experimental survey. The results show that crime news analysis significantly enhances students’ interest in the subject matter, improves their learning experiences, and fosters stronger attachment to the Criminal Justice program. Incorporating crime news analysis into the curriculum facilitates understanding the causes of crime, connecting theory to practice, improving analytical and critical thinking skills, and promoting active engagement with real-world issues. The study also reveals that crime news analysis’s impact is more pronounced among criminal justice majors, freshmen, sophomores, and female students. Additionally, its effectiveness is slightly higher in face-to-face classes compared to online ones. These findings provide valuable insights into optimizing the educational merits of crime news analysis in various contexts and demographics.

Criminological Review of Mugging Crime Cases

Crime is a complex phenomenon that can be understood from various different angles. That's why in everyday life we can catch comments about crime incidents that are different from each other. In our experience it turns out that it is not easy to understand crime itself. Efforts to understand this crime have actually been thought up centuries ago by famous scientists. Plato, for example, stated that gold was the source of human evil. Aristotle said that poverty gives rise to crime and rebellion. Great crimes are not committed to obtain what is necessary for life, but for luxury. Criminology is a branch of science that emerged in the 19th century, which is essentially a science that studies the causes and causes of crime. In another sense, seen from a criminological perspective, crime is any specific act or deed whose action is approved by society to be interpreted as a crime. This means that every crime does not have to be formulated first in a criminal law regulation. So every act that is anti-social, detrimental and annoying to society, can be said to be a crime in criminological terms. In this modern era, human growth and development seems to know no boundaries of space and time because it is supported by the rapid flow of information and knowledge of technology. New discoveries in the field of science and technology have a direct influence on human outlook on life which can ultimately change the human outlook on life.

Beat Policing in Bangladesh: A Conceptual Framework

Beat policing is a community policing strategy designed to make an individual police officer responsible for the community’s policing needs in a defined geographical area or the beat. It is a philosophy and management approach that seeks the community involvement in the policing system. Community policing as one of the most widely adopted police strategy in the last several decades. Due to not getting expected result from community policing program, police professionals, community members, and policy makers are seeking an alternative model of policing that would be better for public safety and security. Because of high population and institutional limitations of police, public security has disrupted alarmingly in recent years. The beat policing is a door-to-door watching and proactive policing system which involves the beat residents with the police to work in partnership and mutual coordination. Beat officers are encouraged to take ‘leadership’ of their area and employ proactive strategies to identify the causes of crime and community problems within their beat. In addition to that information collection, one to one communication and increase surveillance by residents of their own neighborhoods are key strategies of beat policing system. It is a remarkable shift from the traditional model of policing to the beat area based model of policing. The main objective of this paper is to establish a conceptual framework of beat policing from the appropriate theoretical perspective and also the Bangladesh viewpoint.

Pertanggungjawaban Pemilik Senjata Api Legal yang Disalahgunakan Oleh Orang Lain

This study aims to obtain information and analyze the law regarding the ownership of legal firearms that are misused by others. Using the approach method in this study is a normative juridical approach. The widespread spread of firearms among civilians is a global phenomenon. The lack of supervision of firearm ownership, both legal and illegal owned by the general public, police and TNI, is one of the causes of crimes with misuse of firearms in Indonesia. While the victims who died as a result of this crime were mostly civilians. In Indonesia, exact figures on the trade in firearms, legal or illegal, are difficult to obtain, although their circulation in civil society is certain to increase sharply. Due to the lack of order and supervision of firearm administration, police officers do not know for sure how many firearms are circulating in the community, making firearm ownership very difficult to trace. The circulation of firearms will certainly cause unrest in the community, considering that firearms are very dangerous. The use of firearms is legal alias licensed as owned by members of the police, TNI, agencies / agencies and the general public. But there are also illegal alias unlicensed, unlawful and very potentially used for crime. The use of legal firearms in practice is inseparable from various problems, in addition to unscrupulous officers who misuse their firearms, there are also people who have firearm permits who violate the rules, such as for criminal acts.
  
  

CHARACTERIZING THE PERSON DEPRIVED OF LIBERTY USING KRETSCHMER’S THEORY

The purpose of this study was to characterize a Person Deprived of Liberty (PDL) in determining crime causation using Kretschmer’s classification. These PDLs who committed crimes covering the study's findings may help practitioners identify potential offenders through profiling, and the period of 2015 to 2017, were confined in the Bureau of Jail Management and Penology Region XI. The study's findings may help practitioners identify potential offenders through profiling come up with additional literature related to policing and share findings and recommendations to inform future researchers and clarify the policy implications of the association of Body Mass Index and delinquency. The study employed Quantitative Descriptive Research utilizing secondary data. Descriptive Research was a method to generate knowledge in describing the characteristics of offenders thru Body Mass Index about the occurrence of rape, murder, attempted murder, frustrated murder, and robbery. The findings of the study revealed that most of the crimes being studied were perpetrated by athletic type of persons for three consecutive years. It concludes that the state of muscularity may lead to masculinity which allows to dominate others and encourage to use violence and threat. Muscular or physical strength has concluded that an offender was more muscular or physically more robust than a non-offender.<p> </p><p><strong> Article visualizations:</strong></p><p><img src="/-counters-/soc/0051/a.php" alt="Hit counter" /></p>

Application of Situational Action Theory in Japan Using Vignette Survey

This study applied Wikström’s Situational Action Theory (SAT) of crime causation to Japanese people in their 30 s–40 s (N = 320). Participants in an internet survey were presented with three criminogenic scenarios—traffic crime, individualistic white-collar crime, and corporate white-collar crime—and were asked to rate the likelihood of them committing a crime in these scenarios. They were also asked to evaluate their morality, moral context, and degree of temptation in each scenario, as well as their tendency for self-control, interdependent view of self, and independent view of self. The results supported SAT in that the moral context positively and morality negatively predicted the likelihood of committing a crime. However, the results were inconsistent with SAT’s assertion that other variables influenced those with low morality more than those with high morality. Further, the tendency to have an interdependent view of self affected the likelihood of committing a crime in some scenarios. This result indicates that in some situations, some people are more influenced by expectations of their behavior from their surroundings, in addition to their morality. Future empirical studies of SAT are needed to examine the influence of self-control on criminal phenomena using the ability to exercise self-control in certain situations that conform to the concept of self-control advocated by SAT. Morality is also a crucial concept in the SAT. Therefore, future research should examine how the morality of trying to fulfill social role expectations and previously assessed morality influence the likelihood of committing a crime.

Socioeconomic and Demographic Causes of Crime Reporting in Indonesia

Studies on the nexus between socioeconomic and demographic factors and crime reporting are still limited in Indonesia. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the socioeconomic and demographic causes of crime reporting in Indonesia using data from the results of the 2021 National Socioeconomic Survey. The data were analyzed using a binary logistic regression model. The unit of analysis was the population aged 15 years and older. The dependent variable was whether or not someone who experienced a crime reported it to the police. The independent variables were socioeconomic and demographic factors. The results of the study showed that a lower probability of reporting crime to the police was associated with being female, being younger, having higher educational attainment, living in urban areas, living in Java island, and working, implying the need to improve information, education, and communication on crime reporting among these groups.JEL Classification: A12, J19, K00, K39How to Cite:Rajagukguk, W. (2023). Socioeconomic and Demographic Causes of Crime Reporting in Indonesia. Signifikan: Jurnal Ilmu Ekonomi, 12(2), 413-424. https://doi.org/10.15408/sjie.v12i2.33436.

On Han Fei Tzu’s Thought of Crime Prevention

Crime prevention refers to the active intervention before the occurrence of crimes. Han Fei Tzu, a legalist during the pre-Qin period, viewed the suppression of criminal motives as the core of crime prevention, and brought out a series of measures to prevent crimes. In this paper, the author summarized his thoughts on crime prevention by analyzing his views on human nature, the causes of crimes, and crime prevention.

JAMOAT TARTIBIGA QARSHI JINOYATLARNING SABABLARIGA DOIR ILMIY YONDASHUVLAR

This article analyzes scientific approaches to the causes of crimes against public order. In addition, the article examines the concept, essence, classification, and importance of the reasons and conditions that enable crimes against public order. The causes of crime are a system of specific processes taking place in the environment that lead to criminal consequences based on the causal connection between certain social and psychological realities. release; the fact that the causes of crime are multi-factorial, formed, developed, and formed in a certain period of time, that is, as a chain of causes, or one factor that appeared in a short period of time under the influence of a certain concrete reality; the conditions that made it possible for the crime to occur accelerate the occurrence of its causes or appear as a favorable opportunity, favorable time factor for the causes of the crime to emerge and take active action; classification of the causes and conditions of the crime is the primary means of providing preventive activities with the necessary information, which creates opportunities for effective planning of these activities and early prevention of crimes; Based on the noted classifications of the causes and conditions of crime, issues related to the fact that systematization requires the development of directions and mechanisms for the activities of preventive entities are also analyzed.

Accident, scandal, disaster: the media framing of corporate crime

Corporate crime is often misrepresented in crime media as individual wrongdoing with minor consequences. Despite considerable research on corporate crime in news, there has been no examination of quality media sources, upon which this paper focuses. This paper presents an exploratory study of the first week of framing corporate crime in UK-based online quality press outlets: The Guardian, The Independent, and The Telegraph. It does so by examining three major corporate crimes of the last decade: the Grenfell Tower fire, the London Inter-Bank Offered Rate (LIBOR) manipulation, and Volkswagen emissions manipulation. Methodologically, the paper is based upon an adapted version of Robert Entman’s media theory of framing by using the framing elements of perpetrator, cause of crime, victimization and punishment to explore what and how frames are being used in each outlet. It is found that even the most critical mass media outlets resort to accidental narrative frames that fail to address criminal (in-)justice. I conclude with a discussion of the implications of these findings for an understanding of the variance in quality press outlets’ frames of corporate crime that warrants further research.

Incorporation of Criminological Theories in the Cameroonian Criminal Justice System

Purpose: The study examined the incorporation of criminological theories notably the Classical school, Neo- Classical School, Positive school as well as the Anomie School of thought in the Cameroon Criminal justice system.
 Methodology: Criminological theories focus in explaining the causes of crime identify the risk factors for committing crime and explaining how and why certain laws are created and implemented. The methodology adopted for purposes of this article is qualitative which is concerned with qualitative phenomenon and the chosen methods are doctrinal and empirical which involves a content analysis of existing literature, case law and observations.
 Findings: The study discovered that the perception of criminological theories as articulated in the Cameroon Criminal Procedure Code, Cameroon Penal Code and other pieces of legislations have not been fully understood and implemented and this constitutes a major problem. This article concludes that the major protagonists who animated debate during the seventeen and eighteen centuries wanted a total overhaul of the criminal justice system in order to improve the welfare of the society and so were inspired with humanitarianism that gave them the urge to question the arbitrariness, cruelty, goriness and inefficiency of the criminal justice system and prison across the globe.
 Unique Contribution to Theory, Practice and Policy: The study recommended that understanding why a person commits a crime and why individuals behave in certain ways, would help policy makers to develop a better and efficient ways of fully incorporating these criminological theories in the Cameroon Criminal justice system that will shape the ways to control crime and rehabilitate the criminal.

Criminal behavior and contingency.

Although their perspectives and approaches vary, existing criminological theories are all based on the deterministic optimism that the crucial causes of criminal behavior must exist and can be uncovered. However, no key factor can fully explain the causes of criminal behavior. All factors that directly affect the occurrence of criminal behavior are important, and contingency is always at work. More feasible crime prevention and control measures can be proposed only considering the contingency factor. The aim of this study is to point out the limitations of the deterministic view of existing criminological theories that explain the causes of crime after knowing the results, and simultaneously to propose the contingency model with viable alternative solutions.

ПРЕДУПРЕЖДЕНИЕ ПРЕСТУПНОСТИ: ПОНЯТИЕ И ВИДЫ

Abstract. The article deals with theoretical questions about the concept and prevention of crime. Topical issues of identifying, eliminating and neutralizing the causes of crime. The issues of detection and elimination of situations that motivate and provoke the commission of crimes are disclosed. The groups of increased criminal risk and reduction of this risk are described in order to adjust the impact on these persons who may commit a crime. Special attention is paid to the multilevel system of preventive measures, which identifies three types of general, special and individual. Each of them is disclosed with examples, processes of determination and causality of criminality and neutralization of negative phenomena. The focus is on the general preventive impact, which includes measures to improve health and create decent conditions for the formation and life of a person. The tasks of carrying out general preventive actions requiring significant investments in the sphere of social security, education and healthcare are described. As the author describes, these are measures related to the fight against inequality, poverty and discrimination. The issue has been carefully considered and another type of warning is a special warning aimed at influencing the processes of determination and causality of crime, which relate to individual groups, objects of encroachment or a specific person. This is a social process, the content of which is the regulation of people's behavior or social relations in order to eliminate various negative aspects that can cause the commission of crimes. The article describes the specific tasks of this prevention. Special prevention may also include not only the impact on a potential offender, but also victimological prevention. The description of the third type of prevention is presented as an individual warning, prevention, i.e. the impact directed at the personality, its negative traits and the environment that forms this personality. The concept of prevention includes early, immediate and relapse prevention. The article also reveals the issues of predictive methods that allow you to make predictions about the time and place in which the risk of committing a crime is high. But forecasts are not always real, since a computer program does not really know what will happen in the future, machines cannot yet replace people and forecasts do not necessarily automatically lead to a significant decrease in the crime rate, this is the author's opinion. Keywords: Crime prevention, prevention, general preventive impact, special warning, individual warning, situational warning, victimology, prognostic methods, latency.